All You Need To Know About Genetic Mutation, Its Causes and Types

Genetic mutation is a process in which there is permanent alteration and change in the DNA sequence of an individual. Mutations are a general occurrence in all plant and animal species. The mutation is one of the main reasons for various processes related to biologies such as evolution, growth of individual organs, and medical conditions such as cancer. Depending on the mutation type, they have different or no effect on the internal functioning of the organisms. Biotechnology students who write thesis on the topics of mutation often look for experts to write my paper for academic assistance.

Causes of Genetic Mutation

Genetic mutation is a common phenomenon which occurs in all living species, and there are many reasons which cause genetic mutations in the organism’s genome sequencing. Here are some of the reasons for genetic mutation.

·         Mutagenesis: Mutagenesis is a biological process in which the organism's DNA changes when they are exposed to mutagens. The mutagens could be of various types of chemicals and physical objects. Here are different types of mutagens:

1.       Electromagnetic Radiations such as x-ray and gamma  rays

2.       Harmful chemicals such as cancer produce carcinogens.

3.       Long exposure to reactive metals such as Nickel, Cadmium

4.       Microbial agents such as viruses and bacteria

·       Error caused during DNA replication: The genetic material of every organism gets constantly replicated; errors often occur during the replication process. The error caused during replication causes mutation. 

·         Error caused during DNA repair: When the DNA repair process goes on, DNA mutations are often prevalent due to natural error.

Types of Mutations

The mutation occurs in a body of various types. Here are different types of mutation in a body

·         Chromosomal Aberrations: They are the changes in the numbers of chromosomes in the cells of a human body. They are many reasons which could cause chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal Aberrations cause congenital disabilities during birth, cancer etc. Chromosomal Aberrations could occur in the following ways:

A.      Inversion: When a  chromosome is broken into two or more parts when the broken chromosome is re-joined in other ways causes inversion

B.      Translocation: When a chromosome is broken, a re-joined to another chromosome causes translocation based chromosomal aberration.

C.      Deletion: When some chromosomes are deleted, some genetic materials are lost forever, which leads to chromosomal aberrations.

 

·         Small Scale Mutations: These types of mutations occur in the small nucleosides of the cells and thus have small effects. The new type of protein generated is rendered ineffective during small scale mutations.

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